It is a no-blame-system. The same as in many other games (like iracing). An ai system can't work 100% (to many scenarios to trick it) and look at Gran turismo or the F1 games, they fail miserably at determing who is at fault. It is no way perfect, sure, but this is the best we can have after all.
This is because the software only detects the contact between two or more vehicles and not who is the victim or the one who caused it and by the way, this is the same in all simulations with safety rating.
Just so there's no misunderstanding, if there's a contact incident, both drivers involved get the same amount of incident points, for the reasons laid out above.
I noticed there is a penalty for invalid lap but also one for going off track at the same time - surely both things are the same so why double jeopardy? I can understand if it was going off track at a different place after already having a lap invalidated but both at the same time seems excessive and I thought there was an amnesty of some seconds so as not to get multiple penalties from one incident, say a spin where you need to get back on track and maybe hit a wall doing so. The last chicane at Daytona road course before the start finish also seems to have quite strict and even random cut detection (the yellow kerbs seems to trigger the cut when it should be the white lines) so it would be great to have that reviewed.
If I'm not mistaken, "Track" penalty is for a collision with an object, so these are applied in different situations.
The ones I can see from previous races are: vehicle: 4pts non served penalty: 4pts disconnect: 3pts track: 2pts invalid lap: 1pt Stationary: 1pt Loss of control: 1 pt Plus you get an extra free gift of a random amount of rep hit if you are disconnected, dnf cos the car breaks or quit before the race finishes . Don´t remember if I combined Invalid lap with a collision with an object or loss of control but pretty sure it was a double penalty, there was certainly not any time amnesty.
I mean if you not only went off track, but also crashed into something, it's understandable if you get a bigger penalty (two different ones).
Invalid lap means, you cut a corner too much or went wide. Offtrack you are completely off from the Racetrack.